SovereignWealthFunds.comTop 100 Sovereign Wealth Funds: The Full Comparison Table
At a glance
- Every fund in our profiles with a USD size, ranked by headline size. Pipeline funds are excluded.
- Columns: ISO country code, size in USD billion (est. marks an estimate), founding year, type, main funding source, transparency score out of 10, returns published (1y one-year, LT long-term), where it invests with home share where published, and how (D direct, F through funds or managers, C co-investment).
- Click any fund name for the full profile, sources and how to approach.
Key findings
- 26 of the top 100 list oil and gas revenue as a funding source.
- 30 invest mainly globally, 32 mainly at home and the rest mix both or invest regionally.
- 68 use outside funds or managers and 63 co-invest alongside partners; 48 do all three plus direct deals.
- Median founding year is 2006; the oldest fund here dates from 1845.
- 11 sizes are estimates and say so in the size column.
The top 100
| # | Fund | ISO | USD bn | Founded | Type | Funding | Transp. | Returns | Invests (home %) | How |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GPFG, the Norwegian oil fund | NO | 2,285 | 1990 | Savings | Oil and gas | 10.0 | 1y+LT | Global (0%) | D F C |
| 2 | GPIF | JP | 1,841 | 2006 | Pension reserve | Pension reserves | 9.5 | 1y+LT | Both (51%) | D F C |
| 3 | China Investment Corporation | CN | 1,567 | 2007 | Reserve investment | FX reserves | 8.0 | LT | Both | D F C |
| 4 | GIC Private Limited | SG | 1,160 est. | 1981 | Reserve investment | Fiscal surplus | 7.0 | LT | Global | D F C |
| 5 | ADIA | AE | 1,100 est. | 1976 | Savings | Oil and gas | 5.5 | LT | Global | D F C |
| 6 | KIA | KW | 1,000 est. | 1953 | Savings | Oil and gas | 3.5 | No | Both | D F C |
| 7 | SAFE Investment (Huaan) | CN | 1,000 est. | 1997 | Reserve investment | FX reserves | 1.5 | No | Global | D |
| 8 | PIF | SA | 906 | 1971 | Development | Fiscal surplus | 8.0 | LT | Both (76%) | D F C |
| 9 | Danantara | ID | 900 est. | 2025 | State holding | State assets | 4.0 | No | Both | D F C |
| 10 | CPP Investments | CA | 607 | 1997 | Pension reserve | Pension reserves | 10.0 | 1y+LT | Global (12%) | D F C |
| 11 | QIA | QA | 580 est. | 2005 | Savings | Oil and gas | 4.0 | No | Both | D F C |
| 12 | Exchange Fund | HK | 572 | 1935 | Reserve investment | FX reserves | 8.0 | 1y+LT | Global | D F |
| 13 | NSSF | CN | 544 | 2000 | Pension reserve | Fiscal surplus | 8.0 | 1y+LT | Domestic (85%) | D F C |
| 14 | SAMA Foreign Holdings | SA | 487 | 1952 | Reserve investment | FX reserves | 5.5 | No | Global | D F |
| 15 | ICD | AE | 458 | 2006 | State holding | State assets | 8.0 | No | Both | D C |
| 16 | TWF | TR | 442 | 2016 | State holding | State assets | 7.0 | No | Domestic | D F C |
| 17 | Temasek | SG | 401 | 1974 | State holding | State assets | 10.0 | 1y+LT | Both (27%) | D F C |
| 18 | Mubadala | AE | 385 | 2002 | Development | Fiscal surplus | 9.0 | LT | Both (24%) | D F C |
| 19 | ADQ | AE | 271 | 2018 | State holding | State assets | 7.0 | No | Both | D F C |
| 20 | KIC | KR | 232 | 2005 | Reserve investment | FX reserves | 8.5 | 1y+LT | Global | D F C |
| 21 | Future Fund (Australia) | AU | 208 | 2006 | Pension reserve | Fiscal surplus | 9.0 | 1y+LT | Both | D F C |
| 22 | NDFI | IR | 195 | 2011 | Development | Oil and gas | 3.5 | No | Domestic | - |
| 23 | National Wealth Fund of the Russian Federation | RU | 154 | 2008 | Stabilisation | Oil and gas | 8.5 | 1y+LT | Domestic | D |
| 24 | XRG | AE | 150 est. | 2024 | Development | Oil and gas | 4.0 | No | Global (0%) | D C |
| 25 | Dubai Holding | AE | 136 | 2004 | State holding | State assets | 4.5 | No | Both | D C |
| 26 | Bpifrance | FR | 125 | 2012 | Development | State assets | 9.0 | LT | Domestic | D F C |
| 27 | EIA | AE | 116 est. | 2007 | Savings | State assets | 3.5 | No | Both | D F |
| 28 | Lunate | AE | 115 | 2023 | Fund of funds | Other | 4.0 | No | Global | D F C |
| 29 | National Development Fund (NDF) | SA | 115 | 2017 | Development | State assets | 4.0 | No | Domestic | D F C |
| 30 | APFC | US | 91.9 | 1976 | Sub-national | Oil and gas | 10.0 | 1y+LT | Both (76%) | D F C |
| 31 | PNB | MY | 90.1 | 1978 | State holding | Citizen contributions | 8.5 | 1y | Both (72%) | D F C |
| 32 | Samruk-Kazyna | KZ | 87.5 | 2008 | State holding | State assets | 8.5 | No | Domestic (96%) | D C |
| 33 | QIC | AU | 85.9 | 1991 | Sub-national | Other | 8.0 | 1y+LT | Both | D F C |
| 34 | DIF | AE | 80.0 est. | 2023 | State holding | Fiscal surplus | 2.5 | No | Both | D |
| 35 | TCorp | AU | 77.4 | 1983 | Sub-national | Fiscal surplus | 8.5 | 1y | Both | D F C |
| 36 | New Mexico SIC | US | 74.6 | 1957 | Sub-national | Oil and gas | 9.0 | LT | Global | F |
| 37 | National Fund | KZ | 73.8 | 2000 | Savings | Oil and gas | 7.5 | 1y | Global | D F C |
| 38 | SOFAZ | AZ | 72.6 | 1999 | Savings | Oil and gas | 9.0 | 1y | Global (0%) | D F C |
| 39 | National Development Fund (Taiwan) | TW | 64.0 | 2006 | Development | Fiscal surplus | 8.0 | No | Domestic | D F C |
| 40 | VFMC | AU | 62.2 | 1994 | Sub-national | Pension reserves | 8.5 | 1y+LT | Both | D F |
| 41 | Texas PSF | US | 60.6 | 1845 | Sub-national | Land and royalties | 9.5 | 1y+LT | Both | F C |
| 42 | OIA | OM | 59.6 | 2020 | Development | Oil and gas | 7.5 | 1y+LT | Both (61%) | D F C |
| 43 | NZ Super Fund | NZ | 53.4 | 2001 | Pension reserve | Fiscal surplus | 9.5 | 1y+LT | Global (11%) | D F C |
| 44 | LIA | LY | 51.8 | 2006 | Savings | Oil and gas | 7.0 | 1y | Both | D F |
| 45 | MGX | AE | 49.0 | 2024 | Development | State assets | 5.0 | No | Global | D C |
| 46 | EIH | ET | 45.0 est. | 2021 | State holding | State assets | 5.5 | No | Domestic | D C |
| 47 | Folketrygdfondet | NO | 42.6 | 1967 | Pension reserve | Pension reserves | 9.0 | 1y+LT | Regional | D |
| 48 | PUF | US | 40.3 | 1876 | Sub-national | Land and royalties | 9.0 | 1y+LT | Global | D F |
| 49 | Khazanah | MY | 38.4 | 1993 | State holding | State assets | 9.0 | 1y+LT | Both | D F C |
| 50 | Baiterek | KZ | 37.9 | 2013 | Development | State assets | 9.5 | 1y | Domestic | D F C |
| 51 | National Wealth Fund | GB | 36.8 | 2021 | Development | Other | 9.0 | 1y | Domestic (100%) | D C |
| 52 | OBAG | AT | 35.3 | 1967 | State holding | State assets | 8.5 | No | Domestic (100%) | D |
| 53 | Hong Kong Future Fund | HK | 30.2 | 2016 | Savings | Fiscal surplus | 4.0 | 1y+LT | Both | F |
| 54 | KENFO | DE | 30.1 | 2017 | Savings | Other | 10.0 | 1y+LT | Global | D F C |
| 55 | Texas ESF | US | 24.8 | 1988 | Stabilisation | Oil and gas | 4.5 | LT | Global | F |
| 56 | BSAM | CN | 24.6 | 1992 | State holding | State assets | 6.5 | No | Domestic | D F |
| 57 | DFC | US | 23.6 | 2019 | Development | Fiscal surplus | 9.0 | No | Global | D F C |
| 58 | Heritage Fund | CA | 23.3 | 1976 | Sub-national | Oil and gas | 8.5 | 1y+LT | Global | F |
| 59 | Crown Investments Corporation of Saskatchewan (CIC) | CA | 19.3 | 1947 | State holding | State assets | 9.0 | 1y | Domestic | D |
| 60 | Mumtalakat | BH | 19.2 | 2006 | State holding | State assets | 7.5 | No | Both | D F C |
| 61 | ISIF | IE | 18.9 | 2014 | Development | Fiscal surplus | 9.0 | 1y+LT | Domestic | D F C |
| 62 | Petroleum Fund | TL | 18.6 | 2005 | Savings | Oil and gas | 10.0 | 1y+LT | Global | - |
| 63 | SEPI | ES | 17.6 | 1995 | State holding | State assets | 7.0 | No | Domestic | D |
| 64 | JIC | JP | 16.6 | 2018 | Development | State assets | 6.5 | No | Both | D F C |
| 65 | MIF | ZW | 16.5 | 2014 | State holding | State assets | 8.0 | No | Domestic | D C |
| 66 | SSH | SI | 16.5 est. | 2014 | State holding | State assets | 8.5 | 1y | Domestic (100%) | D |
| 67 | Legacy Fund | US | 15.1 | 2010 | Sub-national | Oil and gas | 9.0 | 1y+LT | Both | F |
| 68 | FIF | IE | 14.9 | 2024 | Savings | Fiscal surplus | 8.5 | 1y+LT | Global | F |
| 69 | Espana Crece | ES | 14.8 | 2026 | Development | Borrowing | 4.5 | No | Domestic (100%) | D C |
| 70 | CDP Equity | IT | 14.6 | 2011 | Development | State assets | 7.5 | No | Domestic | D F C |
| 71 | PFR | PL | 13.9 | 2012 | Development | State assets | 7.0 | No | Domestic | D F C |
| 72 | SFPIM | BE | 13.7 | 1962 | State holding | State assets | 7.0 | No | Domestic | D F C |
| 73 | PWMTF | US | 13.0 | 1974 | Sub-national | Oil and gas | 6.5 | No | Global | F |
| 74 | Growthfund | GR | 12.8 | 2016 | State holding | State assets | 8.5 | No | Domestic (100%) | D C |
| 75 | PARPUBLICA | PT | 12.7 | 2000 | State holding | State assets | 8.5 | No | Domestic | D |
| 76 | NGF | AU | 12.4 | 2018 | Sub-national | Fiscal surplus | 7.0 | 1y+LT | Both | F |
| 77 | EIFO | DK | 12.0 | 2022 | Development | Fiscal surplus | 8.0 | 1y | Both | D F C |
| 78 | Generations Fund | CA | 11.9 | 2006 | Sub-national | Other | 6.5 | No | Both | F |
| 79 | TIDCO | IN | 11.5 | 1965 | State holding | State assets | 5.0 | No | Domestic (100%) | D C |
| 80 | PLETF | US | 11.4 | 1912 | Sub-national | Land and royalties | 4.5 | LT | Global | - |
| 81 | CNIC | HK | 11.1 | 2012 | Development | State assets | 1.5 | No | Global | D C |
| 82 | Chile FRP | CL | 10.7 | 2006 | Pension reserve | Fiscal surplus | 9.0 | 1y+LT | Global (0%) | D |
| 83 | Solidium | FI | 10.7 | 2008 | State holding | State assets | 10.0 | 1y+LT | Domestic (100%) | D C |
| 84 | CADFund | CN | 10.0 | 2007 | Development | State assets | 2.5 | No | Regional (0%) | D F C |
| 85 | RDIF | RU | 10.0 | 2011 | Fund of funds | State assets | 3.0 | No | Domestic | D F C |
| 86 | BII | GB | 8.94 | 1948 | Development | Fiscal surplus | 9.0 | No | Regional (0%) | D F C |
| 87 | CSTF | US | 8.87 | 1889 | Sub-national | Oil and gas | 6.0 | No | Global | F |
| 88 | BBB | GB | 7.96 | 2014 | Development | Fiscal surplus | 9.0 | No | Domestic (100%) | D F C |
| 89 | HKIC | HK | 7.96 | 2022 | Development | Fiscal surplus | 6.0 | LT | Both | D F C |
| 90 | FEIP | MX | 7.82 | 2000 | Stabilisation | Oil and gas | 5.5 | No | Domestic | D |
| 91 | FRC | MC | 7.56 | 1962 | Reserve investment | Fiscal surplus | 6.0 | No | Both | D F |
| 92 | COFIDES | ES | 7.05 | 1988 | Development | Fiscal surplus | 8.0 | No | Both | D F C |
| 93 | INA | ID | 6.64 | 2021 | Development | State assets | 9.0 | 1y | Domestic | D F C |
| 94 | Common School Permanent Land Fund | US | 6.62 | - | Sub-national | Land and royalties | 6.5 | No | Global | F |
| 95 | HSF | TT | 6.25 | 2007 | Stabilisation | Oil and gas | 9.0 | 1y+LT | Global (0%) | - |
| 96 | WE | BE | 5.85 | 2023 | Development | State assets | 4.5 | No | Domestic | D C |
| 97 | KWAN | MY | 5.02 | 1988 | Savings | Oil and gas | 2.5 | LT | Global | D |
| 98 | NIIF | IN | 5.00 | 2015 | Development | State assets | 6.0 | No | Domestic (100%) | D F C |
| 99 | Kuwait Awqaf | KW | 4.80 | 1993 | Savings | Other | 2.0 | 1y | Both | D |
| 100 | ICNF | IE | 4.80 | 2024 | Stabilisation | Fiscal surplus | 8.5 | 1y+LT | Regional | D |
Data notes: Counts come from the investment, case study and size tables in our fund profiles. They cover the deals each profile lists, not every deal a fund has done, so read them as a guide, not a full census. Sizes are on each fund's own basis and date, shown on its profile. The source ids for each size are on the fund's profile and in the data file for this page.
Sources
Every figure on this page comes from the fund profiles linked in the tables. Source ids such as S3 refer to the numbered sources on each fund's own profile page, where the original document is listed with its date.
Disclaimer
Informational only. SovereignWealthFunds.com is an independent public-source reference. It is not affiliated with or endorsed by any fund named on it, and it is not investment, legal or tax advice. Figures are as of the dates shown next to them and may have changed; please read each fund's official pages, linked on its profile. To report an error, use the contact page. Copyright SovereignWealthFunds.com. All rights reserved.
